Chapter 6

Hypermedia and Multimedia Tools In the Classroom



What are hypermedia and multimedia????

Hypermedia is an interactive multimedia system. Connected links.

Example: The world wide web is an example of hypermedia, where the user navigates from web page to web page by using hyperlinks.

Multimedia is an application that combines one or more of the following: text, video, graphics/pictures and sound.
Example: A movie on DVD watched on a computer is an example of multimedia. It involves sound, pictures and video with not possible interaction.

Hypermedia products are being developed to allow the handicapped equal access to "authoring" software and tools through innovative means.

Hypermedia has tremendous value in the classroom as a way to motivate students outside of the traditional pencil and paper lessons. It allows for students with different learning styles to approach an assignment in the best way for them. It helps students become better and more creative writers and thinkers.

Today, instructional software frequently includes hypermedia features. We also have access to interactive and ebooks and reference materials such as almanacs, dictionaries and atlases online.

Power Point is a very effective presentation tool which can be used in the classroom in may ways: as support for the lesson, a tool for review or assessment, for student presentations including book reports and for tutorials.

"Computer-based video" can be used in the classroom for demonstration, student projects, teaching the skills necessary to create a video, to tape lectures and school activities.

Virtual reality can be part of the classroom through use of virtual field trips where students watch virtual reality movies of their "destination" and sometimes, as a way for students to practice needed skills in a controlled and safe environment.

Hypermedia and multimedia are intertwined and hard to separate completely. The use of both hyper and multi medias in classrooms will become more common and sophisticated in the future.

Website Resources
Tutorial Finderhttp://www.tutorialfind.comThis site offers tutorials for a wide range of topics, including technology.

ADAM: The Inside Storyhttp://www.adam.com/Our_Products/School_and_Instruction/Educators/K-8/atis.htmlA.D.A.M. The Inside Story is a multimedia introduction to the secrets of the human body.

Clifford Interactive Storybookshttp://teacher.scholastic.com/clifford1/Stories and games featuring the Clifford character help early readers develop phonics skills.

Listing of books onlinehttp://digital.library.upenn.edu/booksThis site lists over 20,000 free books on the Web.

Free downloadable bookshttp://www.free-ebooks.netFree-eBooks.net collects free fiction, tutorial, marketing, and business eBooks.

The Old Farmer's Almanachttp://www.almanac.comThe Old Farmer's Almanac provides astronomy, weather, gardening, and history information for every day of the year.

World Almanac for Kidshttp://www.worldalmanacforkids.comThe World Almanac for Kids offers information and games related to geography, culture, and science.

Nation by Nation Almanachttp://www.nationbynation.comFor each country, demographic, historical, economic, and other data is available.

World Maphttp://www.worldatlas2000.comMaps, information, and current weather are provided for each country.

USA Todayhttp://www.usatoday.comArticles and multimedia from the daily news.

New York Timeshttp://www.nytimes.com/Articles from the daily news.

CIA World Factbookhttp://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbookMaps and information are provided for each country.

Microsoft PowerPointhttp://www.microsoft.comPowerPoint is the Microsoft Office presentation graphics program.

OpenOffice – Impresshttp://www.openoffice.org/product/impress.htmlThe free open-source presentation program application from the OpenOffice project. Create effective multimedia presentations with 2D and 3D clip art, special effects, animation, and high-impact drawing tools.

OpenOffice.orghttp://www.openoffice.orgOpenOffice.org is a free productivity suite compatible with all major office suites.

Final Cut Prohttp://www.apple.comFinal Cut Pro is film and digital video editing software.

Avid Xpress Prohttp://www.avid.comAvid Xpress Pro software combines professional video, audio, film, effects, DVD authoring and encoding tools---plus custom music creation tools---for both Mac and PC.

HyperStudiohttp://www.hyperstudio.comWith brainstorming tools, visual organizers, project planners, desktop publishing features, and multimedia presentation capabilities, HyperStudio® 4 provides students and teachers with a complete array of media-creation tools.

Virtual Reality Toolboxhttp://www.mathworks.comThe Virtual Reality Toolbox lets users view and interact with dynamic system simulations in a 3-D virtual reality environment.

QuickTime VR Authoring Studiohttp://www.apple.comQuickTime VR is Apple's photorealistic cross-platform virtual reality technology that makes it possible to explore places realistically.

3DS Maxhttp://www.discreet.com/3ds max does highly customizable and scalable 3D animation, modeling and rendering.

Chapter 5

Beyond the Basic Three- Additional Software Support Tools

Materials generators- Used for the creation of certificates, tests, forms and other documents. Examples include rubric and test generators, puzzle makers and IEP generators.


Data collection and analysis tools- Used by teachers to collect, organize and analyze student data. Examples include electronic grade books, student information systems and online (and computer-based) testing.

Graphics tools- Used to add illustrations and images to web pages and documents. Examples include draw/paint, clip art, graphing and video.

Planning and organizing tools- Used by both students and teachers to plan and organize ideas for writing and to organize activities. Examples include concept mapping and lesson planning tools.

Research and reference tools- Online reference materials. Examples include encyclopedia, dictionary and thesaurus and mapping tools.

Content area tools- Used to support teaching and learning in specific content areas. Examples include graphing tools, GPS and music editing tools.

Among the many benefits for using these software tools are better appearance of the product, increased productivity and accuracy.

Website Resources
Adobe Pagemaker, InDesign, and Pagemakerhttp://www.adobe.comInformation and resources for using Adobe software, including page layout and design programs.

Microsoft Publisherhttp://www.microsoft.comInformation and resources for using Microsoft software. Publisher is used to generate newsletters, flyers, brochures, websites, and more.

Easy Test Makerhttp://www.easytestmaker.comEasy Test Maker is a free online test generator to help teachers create printable tests.

Rubric Builderhttp://landmark-project.com/classweb/tools/rubric_builder.phpThis tool enables teachers to build effective assessment rubrics and to make them available over the World Wide Web.

RubiStarhttp://rubistar.4teachers.orgRubiStar is a tool to help the teacher who wants to use rubrics to create them using templates.

Rubric Generatorhttp://teachnology.com/web_tools/rubrics/generalThis tool is an online guided rubric creator.

Puzzlemakerhttp://puzzlemaker.school.discovery.comPuzzlemaker is a puzzle generation tool for teachers, students, and parents. It creates printable puzzles based on word lists.

Worksheet Generatorhttp://school.discovery.com/teachingtools/worksheetgeneratorThis site creates customized worksheets from templates and a library of examples.

Teach-nology Crossword Puzzle Makerhttp://www.teachnology.com/web_tools/crosswordWith Crossword Puzzle Maker, users have complete control of how and where the words fit into the puzzle.

I-Planhttp://www.nksd.net/admin/isdata/schoolmax/iPlan_Directions.doc iPlan is integrated with the SchoolMAX student information system, making all student data that is in SchoolMAX automatically a part of the IEP.

PrintShop Deluxehttp://www.broderbund.comThe Print Shop Deluxe 20 delivers thousands of irresistible project ideas including greeting cards, calendars, photo projects, and crafts.

Teach-nology Certificate Makerhttp://www.teachnology.com/web_tools/certificatesMaking an award certificate is easy with Teach-nology.com's Award Certificate Maker.

Adobe Acrobathttp://www.adobe.comAcrobat is used to create and exchange documents in the PDF format.

Form Artisthttp://www.quask.comForm Artist is used for creating forms, surveys and web polls that 'pop-up' or embed in a web page.

Class Action GradebookHttp://www.classactiongradebook.comThis electronic gradebook is available in elementary, secondary, and college editions.

GradeQuickhttp://www.jacksoncorp.comGradeQuick integrates electronic grading with student information systems, customized reports and report cards, attendance management at the classroom level, a seating chart with student photos, and flexible options.

Gradekeeperhttp://www.gradekeeper.comGradekeeper is gradebook software for Windows, Mac OS X, and Palm OS.

Easy Grade Prohttp://easygradepro.comEducators can use Easy Grade Pro to create an electronic gradebook.

PowerSchoolhttp://www.apple.com/education/powerschoolPowerSchool is a web-based student information system (SIS) that provides real-time information over the Internet.

SASIxp http://www.pearsonschoolsystems.com/products/sasi/index.htmSASI student information management system provides access to student records, enrollment, scheduling, and attendance information.

Pro/Starhttp://goedu.com/PROSTAR.htmlProStar is a student information management system.

Simple Quiz Online Testing Systemhttp://www.simplequiz.com/SimpleQuiz is an online testing system.

ExamBuilderhttp://www.exambuilder.comExamBuilder creates and administers exams over the Internet.

List of gradebook packageshttp://www.educational-software-directory.net/teacher's/gradebook.htmlDozens of gradebook programs for several computer platforms are listed.

KidPixhttp://www.broderbund.comKidPix helps children create multimedia art with graphics, sounds, and animation.

Adobe PhotoShophttp://www.adobe.comPhotoShop is photo editing software.

Picture It! and Digital Imagehttp://www.microsoft.comPicture It! has tools to enhance, organize and share photos. Digital Image is used to create, share, and archive digital images.

Tom Snyder's Graph Master and The Graph Clubhttp://www.teachtsp.comGraph Master is designed to help students in grades 4-8 graph, analyze, and compare data. Graph Club is used by students in grades K-4 to create, explore, interpret, and print graphs.

Graphics for Teachershttp://www.teachingheart.net/graphic1.htmlThis site provides instructions for teachers on placing graphics in documents, and it includes links to clip art sites.

Microsoft's Clip Art and Media Collectionhttp://office.microsoft.com/clipartClip art, photos, animations, and sounds for Office are provided at this searchable site.

FlamingTexthttp://www.flamingtext.comThis site creates custom buttons, text, and other visual elements.

Animation Factoryhttp://www.animationfactory.com/Thousands of royalty-free animations to download.

SmartDraw's Clip Art Collectionhttp://www.smartdraw.com/resources/collections/clipartClip art and flyers for use with SmartDraw software.

Inspirationhttp://www.inspiration.comInspiration® helps 6th to 12th grade students strengthen critical thinking, comprehension and writing skills across the curriculum.

VisiMaphttp://www.projectkickstart.com/html/visimap.htmVisiMap is a visual tool for brainstorming, clarifying, and selling ideas. It helps users organize ideas by creating visual diagrams known as "mind maps."

StoryWeaverhttp://www.storymind.comStoryWeaver is story development software.

Lesson Planner for Windowshttp://www.teacher-1-stop.co.uk/lessonplanner/Lesson Planner is a flexible lesson planner that allows a database of "activities" to be written for incorporating into plans and sharing with other teachers.

Centron's Lesson Powerhttp://www.centronsoftware.com/lesson%20power.htmlLesson Power creates daily and weekly lesson plans.

Master Planithttp://www.codework.comThis lesson planning software helps users organize and manage a variety of content for classes.

Fifty Uses for Inspiration and

Kidspirationhttp://www.uwstout.edu/soe/profdev/conceptmap/50uses.htmlThe list of ideas for using concept mapping software is followed by sample classroom activities.

Encartahttp://encarta.msn.comEncarta is an online information source that includes the following features: Encyclopedia, Dictionary, Atlas, Homework, College, Grad, Online Degrees, Career Training.

Encyclopedia.comhttp://encyclopedia.comThis online encyclopedia allows keyword searching and alphabetical index browsing.

Britannicahttp://www.britannica.comThis online encyclopedia includes keyword search, subject index, timeline, atlas, and dictionary.

Grolier Onlinehttp://go.grolier.comThe online encyclopedia and reference resource includes homework help, teacher materials, and librarian information.

World Atlas.comhttp://www.worldatlas.com/This site has many features for exploring world geography.

U.S. Atlashttp://www.nationalatlas.govThis site is a portrayal of America in maps.
Political World Atlashttp://www.sitesatlas.comThis site uses geography to explore the world by providing maps, travel information, photos, and links.

Atlas of the Universehttp://www.anzwers.org/free/universeThis web page is designed to offer an idea of what the universe actually looks like. There are nine main maps on this web page, each one approximately ten times the scale of the previous one.

Webopaediahttp://www.webopaedia.comThe this online dictionary and search engine is used for computer and Internet technology definitions.

Merriam-Websterhttp://www.m-w.com/dictionary.htmThis online dictionary and thesaurus also includes word of the day and word games.

Dictionary.comhttp://www.dictionary.comThis online dictionary and thesaurus also include a range of language resources.

Thesaurus.comhttp://www.thesaurus.comThis online dictionary and thesaurus also include a range of language resources.

Apple Garage Bandhttp://www.apple.comGarageBand lets users perform, record, and create music.

Renaissance Learning's Accelerated Readerhttp://www.renlearn.com/arAccelerated Reader is reading management software that monitors all forms of guided reading practice.

GPS products for educationhttp://www.gps4fun.comThis site provides information on a wide range of products and resources for using GPS for learning.

ARCView GIShttp://www.esri.com/software/arcviewArcView allows users to create maps, and add data to them. ArcView's visualization tools are used to access records from existing databases and display them on maps.

StarChildhttp://starchild.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/StarChild/StarChild.htmlStarChild is a NASA site providing information about the solar system, the universe, and space for students and teachers.
Multimedia Math Glossaryhttp://www.harcourtschool.com/glossary/math2/index_temp.htmlMath terms are presented for each grade level and are defined using multimedia.

Write OutLoudhttp://www.donjohnston.comWrite OutLoud is a talking word processor that uses auditory feedback coupled with considerate learning supports.

Chapter 4

About Word Processing, Spreadsheets and Database Programs

Word Processing- A software tool that is used by both students and teachers to create documents.
Word processing is a time saver. It allows for modifications and changes to a document as is is being created.
Word processing improves the appearance of the documents that are created.
Word processing allows teachers to share the documents they have created with other teachers. The documents can easily be modified by the recipient to suit their needs.

Students can begin word processing by 5 years old. Those who like this idea believe that word processing will encourage written expression without the handwriting component. Others worry about the impact word processing will have on the development of hand writing skills. Still others argue over whether students need to be taught proper keyboarding techniques before they begin word processing in earnest.

Spreadsheets- A software tool that is used to put information into rows. Used by teachers for class lists, grades and other record keeping.
Spreadsheets are sometimes called "a way to word process numbers."
Spreadsheets can be time savers, useful in displaying even non numerical information like class lists, allow students to see an immediate impact of making changes to the spreadsheets data, make it more interesting for students to work with numbers.

Database- "Organizes and stores collections of information." Used to find and retrieve information quickly. Like an online filing system.
Databases are used to store, pull up, and analyze information as well as link websites to documents.
Databases save space and expense in storing information, save time in finding and updating information,and make it easy to compare related or similar information.

Top Ten Integration Strategies for the Basic Three Software Tools
1. Sweet hypothesis testing- Have students predict average number of M&Ms or Skittles of each color, then count various packages and build a spreadsheet to display and chart the numbers and calculate averages.
2. Paragraph coherence- Show students how good paragraphs are put together using word processing software to scramble sentences in a paragraph and have students use the copy-cut-paste features to put sentences in correct order.
3. Process writing- Have students use word processing software to do drafts of their compositions; have them email drafts and send them corrections and suggestions in a different color type.
4. Colorful Writing- Students use the word processor's font color option to highlight and discuss various functions in compositions (e.g. , topic sentences, emotion-evoking content, factual content and descriptive words and phrases).
5. Elections concepts- Use spreadsheet software to demonstrate how many different ways a president could win the popular vote but lose the electoral vote.
6. Pizza problem solving- Students use a spreadsheet to calculate the most cost-effective pizza purchases to serve various numbers of people.
7. Presidential comparisons- Use database software to build a U.S. presidents database in order to compare characteristics such as an individual's background and experience before becoming president.
8. Online surveys- Students show how to do survey reserach by collecting data online and using a spreadsheet to recieve and analyze it.
9. Political cartoons- Students use word processing and clip art to create political cartoons that illustrate various concepts and currents events.
10. Grave thoughts- Have students collect birth-death date information from tombstones, enter it into a database and query it to answer questions about life spans in various decades.

Website Resources
Microsoft Wordhttp://www.microsoft.com/wordInformation, tutorials, and downloads for the word processing program.

Microsoft Excelhttp://www.microsoft.com/excelInformation, tutorials, and downloads for the spreadsheet program.

Filemaker Prohttp://www.filemaker.comInformation, tutorials, and downloads for the database program.

Technology Tutorials on the Webhttp://www.internet4classrooms.com/on-line2.htmTutorials for many educational software programs.

USDA Food Composition Datahttp://www.nal.usda.gov/fnic/foodcomp/DataA nutrient database from the U.S. Department of Agriculture

Chapter 3

1960s and 1970s educators and others began to develop computer programs to teach.

William Norris believed that education would be more"efficient" if computers became the teachers.

Emphasis now on computers enhancing and helping, not replacing teachers.

Software-programs written in computer languages.

Systems software- software that makes computers work.

Applications software or applications software- software that used to perform tasks like word processing.

Instructional software (Courseware)-software designed to instruct a student on a specific topic.

Computer Assisted Instruction (CAI), Computer-Based Instruction (CBI),Computer Based Learning (CBL), Computer Assisted Learning (CAL)- all terms for instructional software.

Today's instructional software combines many functions that used to be separate.
Teachers need to review software packages and determine what they contain/what they find valuable and useful for their students.

Early software focused on providing information to the student while newer software encourages the student to explore and find the information independently.

The nine "Events of Instruction"(Gagne) were designed to help teachers identify types of software and how they might use it with their students.

LOGO- a programming language used to introduce students to problem solving and exploration of content areas. The first of its kind.

Integrated Learning Systems- Provide computer based instruction and summary reports of student progress.

Types of Drill and Practice Software include: "flash cards" where a student is presented with the problems or questions one at a time and receives immediate feedback of some kind, "branching", where the student is moved ahead or back in level of difficulty depending on their mastery of the level they are working on and "extensive feedback" where the student is told why they got a problem or question wrong.

What's so good about Drill and Practice?
Drill and Practice helps students develop the basic levels skills they will need to be able to handle more complex skills. D and P performed on the computer has advantages over paper and pencil D and P- immediate feedback, so that students are practicing the right answers and skills; motivation for students who are frustrated with paper and pencil exercises for any number of reasons and saving the teacher time because the student can work independently and receive the feedback immediately, the teacher is able to spend her time on other instruction.

Best Uses for D and P-
Test preparation
Replacing worksheets or homework for extra practice

Tutorials- These are designed to take the place of, rather than supplement a teacher's instruction.
There are two types of tutorials; linear and branching. Linear provides the same instruction to everyone who uses it while branching adjusts the instruction based on the students answers.
Benefits of tutorials are the incorporation of the drill type of practice and self-paced instruction.
The best uses of tutorials in the classroom-review and extra practice for students who need it, the opportunity for advanced students to progress at their own pace and instruction when a teacher is not available.

Simulators- A computerized model that is designed to teach how something works. The users must chose what tasks to do and in what order.
Some simulators teach about something while others teach how to do something.

What's good about simulators?
Simulators can slow down or speed up natural processes so that students can witness events they would not otherwise be able to. Students can see instantly what impact actions have on situations and events, and students can repeat procedures over and over to view alternate results. Students are interested by simulators. Dangerous experiments can be performed safely. The cost of using simulators is less than the expense of the real life experience it replicates.

The negatives are that sometimes the models are simplified giving students an inaccurate view of the system represented and that sometimes simulators are misused. This problem occurs when a simulator takes the place of an available real life experience or when paper and pencil could have been used effectively.

Instructional Games- These are instructional software that add rules and/or competition and take the form of a game.

The benefits are that they are fun and kids love games. They are usually bright and engaging and kids want to use them.

Some believe the downside is that kids will become focused on winning rather than learning the skill the game is supposed to teach, difficulty transferring the practiced skill into a real life, non-game setting and learning that is less efficient than traditional methods.

Problem Solving Software- Software specifically designed to teach problem solving.

There are two kinds of problem solving software; Content-Area Skills and Content-Free Skills.

Content-Area Skills software teaches predominantly math and science skills.

Content-Free Skills software teaches "general problem solving ability."

Pluses and Minuses for Problem Solving Software-

The pluses include student motivation and that students can see how and when skills "apply to actual problems."

The minuses are that different software uses different names for the same skills, so a teacher will need to preview the software to see what is actually being taught; software may not be as effective as is claimed; not all students benefit from this type of problem solving instruction ; the skills taught by the software may not "transfer " over to application in other circumstances.

Integrated Learning Systems- These systems provide computer-based instruction and a record of student progress. ILS combines drill and practice, tutorial, simulation and problem solving along with keeping a record of student progress.

Benefits- These systems can help students prepare for state tests.
ILS fits the requirements set by NCLB for "out of school tutoring."
Easy for teachers and students to use.
Frees up teacher to help other students.
Teachers are able to "personalize instructional activities" assigned to students.

Drawbacks-Expense.
Concern by some about their effectiveness and that some schools might think of them as teacher replacements.

Teachers should evaluate software prior to using it in their classroom.

Website Resources
Transparent Languagehttp://www.transparent.com/Foreign language software and information on exploring languages and cultures.
Color, Contrast & Dimension in News

Designhttp://www.poynterextra.org/cp/index.htmlAn interactive color experience about color theory and how it applies to the design of news, with exercises that show how people respond to color in a physiological way.

Digital Frog International http://www.digitalfrog.com/Interactive software to simulate frog dissection, including body systems, anatomy, and an investigation of the diversity and ecology of frogs.

Riverdeep Interactive Learning Limited http://www.riverdeep.com/An education and consumer software company with products including Oregon Trail, Carmen Sandiego, and Destination Math, and software in the areas of math, science, language arts, critical thinking, social studies, early learning, and special needs

Earobics® http://www.earobics.com/A research-based early literacy program designed to ensure that students have the foundational skills.

MacGamut® http://www.macgamut.com/An ear-training software which is flexible and graded for music students.

MathAndScience4u.com http://www.mathandscience4u.com/A software company which focuses on teaching-learning technologies based on interactive problem solving. PhysicaElementa®.

Congress for Kids® http://www.congressforkids.net/An interactive web site designed for students in grades fourth through high school to assist in learning about the federal government.

Merit Software, Inc. http://www.meritsoftware.com/Software products designed to be self-paced, skill-building programs for basic skills in reading comprehension, vocabulary, grammar, writing, and math. Basic Algebra Shapeup®.

SimCity 3000 from Maxis http://www.maxis.com/Simulation game software designed for creating and playing in simulated worlds.

Where in the USA is Carmen Sandiego? and Authur's Math Games by Broderbund, Inc.http://www.broderbund.comA subsidiary of Riverdeep.
Alice in Vivaldi's Four Seasons http://www.interactiveclassics.com/musicgame_alice.htmAn award-winning game that teaches music concepts.

Music Games Internationalhttp://www.kidsmusicstage.com; http://www.interactiveclassics.comSoftware programs that integrate classical music and musical games, puzzles, riddles, animated encyclopedias, listening rooms, and music trivia.

Alien Rescue by the Alien Rescue Team http://www.edb.utexas.edu/alienrescueA problem-based learning (PBL) program presented on a CD-ROM using a hypermedia-supported learning environment in space science which is designed to be part of a 6th-grade science curriculum.

Key Curriculum Press, Inc., software http://www.keypress.com/The Geometer's Sketchpad, an interactive construction and exploration software tool, enables students to explore and understand mathematics.

PLATO Learning Systemhttp://www.plato.com/An ILS software program that includes integrated assessment and reporting technologies, with courseware keyed to individualized education plans.

Southern Regional Education Board (SREB) EvaluTech http://www.evalutech.sreb.org/Web site includes more than 10,000 recommended reviews of software and print resources.

SuperKids http://www.superkids.com/Software reviews for teachers published as part of a resource site for teachers and parents.

Education Worldhttp://www.educationworld.com/Reviews for teachers published as part of a resource site for teachers.

Practice

This is where I will keep my textbook notes!